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{\Large \bf Wigner crystallization of electrons in quantum dots and bilayers}\\[2ex]

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{\large A.V.~Filinov$^{1,2}$, V.~Golubnychyi$^1$,
M.~Bonitz$^1$, and Yu.E.~Lozovik$^2$}

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$^{1}$FB Physik, Rostock University, D-18051 Rostock, Germany\\
$^2$Institute of Spectroscopy, Russian Academy of
Sciences, 142190 Troitsk

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We present an analysis of Wigner crystallization in {\em few-electron quantum confined structures}.
Using first-principle path integral Monte Carlo simulations, the complete phase diagram of the 2D
crystal is obtained which
extends from the classical liquid to the Fermi liquid phases.
A peculiarity of these mesoscopic quantum clusters is the existence of two crystal phases, one
characterized by electron ordering within shells only and, the second, by an additional freezout
of intershell rotations.
We show that crystal melting in quantum dots can be achieved either by temperature or density
increase but, interestingly, also by removal/addition of a single electron.
This effect can find applications in
quantum computing or single-electron devices [2].

Finally, mesoscopic crystals in double quantum well structures are studied as a function
of inter-layer separation. Predictions of crystal stabilization [3,4] are confirmed and
extended to quantum systems. Further, the effect of interlayer correlations is investigated
for electron-hole bilayers where we demonstrate the formation of
mesoscopic clusters of excitons.

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\noindent [1] A.V.~Filinov, M.~Bonitz, and Yu.E.~Lozovik,
Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 86}, 3851 (2001).

\noindent [2] M.~Bonitz, V.~Golubnychyi, A.V.~Filinov, and Yu.E.~Lozovik,
Microelectronic Engineering (2002)

\noindent [3] see e.g. G.~Goldoni, and F.M.~Peeters, Phys. Rev. B. {\bf 53}, 4591 (1996).

\noindent [4]  A.V.~Filinov, M.~Bonitz, and Yu.E.~Lozovik,
Contrib. Plasma Phys. {\bf 41}, 357 (2001).


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